AIOU 1424 Compulsory English II Solved Assignment 1 Spring 2025
AIOU 1424 Assignment 1
Q1. Some people believe that war is a necessary driver of national progress, while others contend that governments should prioritize peace and focus on economic development to achieve advancement. In a 250-word essay, analyze the rationale behind both viewpoints and provide your own perspective.(20 Marks)
War and Peace: Competing Paths to National Progress
Throughout history, nations have pursued progress through various means, including war and peaceful development. Some argue that war is a necessary driver of national advancement, citing technological innovations, territorial expansion, and strengthened national identity. Others contend that governments should prioritize peace and focus on economic growth to foster sustainable development. While both perspectives offer compelling arguments, a nation’s long-term prosperity is best served by prioritizing peace and economic stability.
Arguments in Favor of War as a Catalyst for Progress:
1. Technological Advancements: Many military conflicts have spurred innovation, leading to breakthroughs in medicine, engineering, and transportation. For example, World War II contributed to advancements in radar, jet propulsion, and even computing.
2. Strengthening National Identity: War can serve as a unifying force, fostering resilience and national pride during crises.
3. Economic and Political Gains: Victory in war may lead to territorial expansion and increased global influence.
Arguments in Favor of Peaceful Economic Development:
1. Avoiding Devastation: The long-term consequences of war—loss of life and economic instability—often outweigh its benefits.
2. Investment in Infrastructure and Innovation: Nations like Japan and Germany have demonstrated that rebuilding through peaceful economic strategies can lead to prosperity.
3. Global Trade and Stability: Peaceful economies attract international investment, reducing poverty and enhancing quality of life.
Conclusion:
While war may yield short-term gains, history demonstrates that peaceful progress offers more enduring benefits. Governments must prioritize diplomacy, cooperation, and economic development to ensure stability. The human cost of conflict far outweighs its potential rewards, making peace-driven strategies the superior path to national advancement.
Ultimately, a commitment to peace, education, and economic growth offers a far more promising foundation for a nation’s long-term success.
Q2. Construct grammatically correct and meaningful sentences by using any 5 of the following sequence markers:
However, therefore, whereas, meanwhile, consequently, as a result.
(10 Marks)
1. The weather was sunny in the morning; however, dark clouds started to gather by the afternoon.
2. He studied diligently for weeks; therefore, he aced his final exam.
3. Sarah prefers classical music, whereas her brother enjoys rock and jazz.
4. Meanwhile, the chefs in the kitchen were preparing a feast while the guests enjoyed their appetizers.
5. The company failed to adapt to the changing market trends; consequently, its profits plummeted.
Q3. Wars are a major reason behind the destruction of the environment and resultant global warming. Write a note on how wars are causing damage to the environment leading to global warming and its impact on human life on the planet called Earth.(10 Marks)
Impact of War on Environment and Global Warming
The Devastating Impact of War on the Environment and Global Warming
War is one of the most destructive forces on Earth, not just for humanity but for the environment as well. The devastation caused by armed conflicts extends far beyond battlefields, leaving long-lasting scars on ecosystems, accelerating global warming, and ultimately impacting human life in dire ways.
Environmental Damage Due to War
Wars lead to immense environmental destruction in various ways:
- Deforestation and Habitat Loss: Large-scale bombings, airstrikes, and troop movements decimate forests, wetlands, and other critical habitats. Trees, which play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide, are often removed either intentionally or due to collateral damage.
- Air and Water Pollution: Explosions, chemical weapons, and the burning of oil fields release toxic substances into the air and water, contaminating resources essential for survival.
- Oil Spills and Radiation: In some conflicts, infrastructure such as oil refineries and nuclear plants become targets, leading to catastrophic leaks of oil and radiation, harming both the environment and human health.
War’s Contribution to Global Warming
- Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The machinery of war—tanks, fighter jets, warships—all run on fossil fuels, emitting enormous amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Military operations significantly contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions.
- Destruction of Carbon Absorbing Bodies: Forest fires triggered by war and destroyed green spaces eliminate natural absorbers of CO₂, exacerbating climate change.
- Industrial and Reconstruction Emissions: Post-war rebuilding efforts require vast amounts of energy, leading to a surge in carbon emissions due to increased construction activities.
Impact on Human Life
- Extreme Weather Conditions: As global warming intensifies, natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts become more frequent, making war-affected regions even more uninhabitable.
- Food and Water Shortages: Conflicts often target agricultural lands and water resources, leading to shortages and hunger crises in war-torn nations.
- Health Issues: Exposure to polluted air and water increases respiratory diseases, cancers, and other severe health problems among civilians.
- Displacement and Refugee Crises: Climate change, driven partly by war-related environmental destruction, forces entire communities to flee their homes, leading to global humanitarian emergencies.
Conclusion
Wars wreak havoc on both nature and humanity, accelerating global warming and threatening life on Earth. While nations prioritize defense strategies, the environmental costs of conflict must not be ignored. Sustainable peace efforts and eco-conscious policies can help mitigate the damage, ensuring that future generations inherit a planet that remains habitable and abundant with life.
Q4. Formal and Informal writing differ in purpose as well as in style. Explain. Write a letter to the Prime Minister requesting him to take necessary steps to control rising inflation in the country. Your letter should explain this issue in detail.(20 Marks)
Formal vs. Informal Writing: Purpose and Style
Formal and informal writing serve different purposes and have distinct styles.
Formal Writing: Used in official communication, academic work, legal documents, and professional settings. It maintains a serious tone, uses proper grammar, avoids contractions and slang, and follows a structured format. Clarity, precision, and objectivity are key.
Informal Writing: Used in casual conversations, personal messages, and friendly interactions. It allows for a relaxed tone, personal expressions, contractions, slang, and conversational phrases. It can be more flexible and subjective.
Formal Letter to the Prime Minister on Inflation
To
The Prime Minister
Prime Minister's Office Islamabad
Pakistan
Subject: Urgent Measures Needed to Control Rising Inflation
Respected Prime Minister,
I am writing to you as a concerned citizen regarding the alarming rise in inflation that has significantly impacted the daily lives of people across the country. Essential commodities, including food, fuel, and healthcare, have become increasingly unaffordable for the average household, putting immense financial strain on families and businesses alike.
Inflation not only affects purchasing power but also hampers economic growth, discourages investment, and exacerbates poverty. If left unchecked, it could further destabilize the economy and negatively affect the well-being of the nation.
I humbly urge the government to take immediate and effective measures to curb inflation by:
- Strengthening price controls on essential goods
- Enhancing subsidies for low-income groups
- Implementing policies to stabilize the exchange rate
- Encouraging domestic production to reduce reliance on imports
- Addressing supply chain inefficiencies to prevent artificial shortages
Your leadership in resolving this pressing issue will greatly alleviate the hardships faced by millions and restore economic stability. I trust that your administration will prioritize this matter and take swift action to safeguard the interests of the people.
I appreciate your time and consideration. I look forward to seeing meaningful efforts to address this urgent crisis.
Yours sincerely,
Talha
Q5. There are two blanks in each of the following sentences. Complete them by writing the missing cause/effect and the linkers from the respective lists provided below.(20 Marks)
1. She was feeling very tired, because she had stayed up all night studying for the exam.
2. The ground was wet, since it had rained heavily the night before.
3. I couldn’t find my keys due to the mess on the table.
4. The project was delayed because of the lack of resources.
5. He missed the bus so he had to walk to school.
6. The team won the championship thanks to their hard work and determination.
7. She was promoted as a result of her excellent performance at work.
8. I brought an umbrella because the weather forecast predicted rain.
9. The event was canceled due to the ongoing strike.
10. He was able to finish his assignment early since he started working on it a week ago.
Q6.(a Identify Facts and Opinions in the following story. As you read this story, think about what parts are fact and what parts are opinion.(10 Marks)
It was almost the Occasion, and Maria still hadn’t thought of a costume. Her sister Louisa was going as a hot dog, and Maria thought that was the best idea ever. Louisa always took Maria trick-or-treating, and they always had costumes that went together. But this year, Louisa had been too busy with her friends to help Maria with a costume. Maria didn’t know what to do. Maria was looking in some magazines for costume ideas when her mom asked her to go with her to the grocery store. At the store, in the Halloween candy aisle, Maria saw a tall, pointed red hat that gave her a great idea. The hat only cost two dollars, so Maria’s mom bought it for her. Maria skipped all the way to the car. She had a costume! She was going to be…KETCHUP!
Circle the word “fact” if it is true or if it happened in the story.
Circle the word “opinion” if it is what someone thinks or believes.
1. Maria thought Louisa’s costume was great. - Fact Opinion
2. Louisa’s costume was a hot dog. - Fact Opinion
3. Louisa had been too busy to help Maria. - Fact Opinion
4. Maria was happy about her costume idea. - Fact Opinion
5. The red hat cost two dollars. - Fact Opinion
1. Maria thought Louisa’s costume was great.
Opinion (This reflects Maria's personal belief about the costume.)
2. Louisa’s costume was a hot dog.
Fact (The story states Louisa dressed as a hot dog.)
3. Louisa had been too busy to help Maria.
Fact (The story explicitly mentions that Louisa was busy with her friends.)
4. Maria was happy about her costume idea.
Opinion (Her excitement is a personal feeling, making it an opinion.)
5. The red hat cost two dollars.
Fact (The story states the hat’s price directly.)
Q6.(b Identify Facts and Opinions in the following story. As you read this story, think about what parts are fact and what parts are opinion.(10 Marks)
Jack lives in a small town in Australia. The closest big city is an hour’s drive away. Jack looks forward to going to the city because when they drive through the countryside, they almost always see kangaroos. Sometimes they even see a baby kangaroo riding in its mother’s pouch. Jack knows all about kangaroos. A baby is called a joey, a mother is called a doe, and a father is called a boomer. A group of kangaroos is called a mob. Once, Jack saw a kangaroo jump about three times its height. It was an amazing sight! He knows that when kangaroos are hopping along at high speed, they can go as fast as 40 miles per hour. Jack also knows that even though kangaroos are fun to look at, you wouldn’t want to try to pet one. If a kangaroo thinks it is in danger, it just might lean back on its big tail and kick you with its back feet.
Circle the word “fact” if it is true or if it happened in the story.
Circle the word “opinion” if it is what someone thinks or believes.
6. Jack lives an hour’s drive away from the city. - Fact Opinion
7. Jack likes it when his family drives to the city. - Fact Opinion
8. Baby kangaroos are called joeys. - Fact Opinion
9. Jack was amazed at the sight of a kangaroo jumping almost three times its height. - Fact Opinion
10. Jack knows that kangaroos can be dangerous. - Fact Opinion
6. Jack lives an hour’s drive away from the city.
Fact (The story states this directly.)
7. Jack likes it when his family drives to the city.
Opinion (This reflects Jack’s personal feelings.)
8. Baby kangaroos are called joeys.
Fact (This is a scientifically correct statement about kangaroos.)
9. Jack was amazed at the sight of a kangaroo jumping almost three times its height.
Opinion (His amazement is a personal reaction.)
10. Jack knows that kangaroos can be dangerous.
Fact (The story explains that kangaroos can kick when they feel threatened.)
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