AIOU 0436 Solved Assignments Spring 2025

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AIOU 0436 سیرت طیبہ Solved Assignment 1 Spring 2025

AIOU 0436 Assignment 1

سوال نمبر 1- قبل از اسلام عربوں کے اخلاقی، معاشی اور سیاسی حالات پر روشنی ڈالیں۔

اہل عرب قبل از اسلام اخلاقی پستی کا شکار تھے، شراب نوشی، جوا، لوٹ مار اور قبائلی جھگڑے عام تھے۔ معاشی طور پر تجارت ان کا اہم ذریعہ معاش تھا، لیکن سود خوری اور کمزوروں کا استحصال رائج تھا۔ سیاسی طور پر جزیرہ نما عرب مختلف قبائل میں بٹا ہوا تھا جن کے درمیان اکثر اوقات جنگیں رہتی تھیں، کوئی مرکزی حکومت موجود نہیں تھی۔

سوال نمبر 2- بعثت سے قبل رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی شخصیت اور کردار پر جامع نوٹ تحریر کریں۔

بعثت سے قبل حضرت محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اپنی راست گوئی، امانت داری، رحم دلی اور انصاف پسندی کی وجہ سے "صادق" اور "امین" کے القاب سے مشہور تھے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ہمیشہ کمزوروں کی مدد کی، یتیموں کی کفالت کی اور معاشرے میں صلح و آشتی قائم کرنے کی کوششیں کیں۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا کردار پاکیزہ، بے داغ اور اعلیٰ اخلاقی اقدار کا مظہر تھا۔

سوال نمبر 3- بنو ہاشم کا مقاطعہ (بائیکاٹ) اور سفر طائف پر علیحدہ علیحدہ نوٹ تحریر کریں۔

بنو ہاشم کا مقاطعہ (بائیکاٹ): جب قریش نے اسلام کی مخالفت میں شدت اختیار کی تو انہوں نے بنو ہاشم اور بنو عبدالمطلب کا معاشی اور معاشرتی بائیکاٹ کر دیا۔ یہ محاصرہ تقریباً تین سال تک جاری رہا جس میں مسلمانوں اور ان کے حامیوں کو سخت مشکلات کا سامنا کرنا پڑا۔ بھوک اور پیاس نے ان کی ہمت آزمائی لیکن وہ اپنے ایمان پر ثابت قدم رہے۔

سفر طائف: مکہ میں اسلام کی تبلیغ میں مشکلات کے بعد رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے طائف کا سفر اختیار کیا تاکہ وہاں کے لوگوں کو اسلام کی دعوت دیں۔ لیکن اہل طائف نے آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی دعوت کو نہ صرف ٹھکرا دیا بلکہ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پر سنگ باری بھی کی۔ اس صورتحال میں بھی آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ان کے لیے ہدایت کی دعا کی۔

سوال نمبر 4- تحویل قبلہ اور غزوہ بنی قینقاع پر علیحدہ علیحدہ جامع مضمون قلمبند کریں۔

تحویل قبلہ: تحویل قبلہ سے مراد مسلمانوں کا بیت المقدس کی بجائے خانہ کعبہ کی طرف رخ کر کے نماز پڑھنا ہے۔ یہ واقعہ ہجرت کے تقریباً ڈیڑھ سال بعد پیش آیا۔ اس تبدیلی کا مقصد مسلمانوں کی ایک مستقل اور جداگانہ شناخت قائم کرنا اور قبلہ ابراہیمی کی طرف رجوع کرنا تھا۔

غزوہ بنی قینقاع: غزوہ بنی قینقاع ہجرت کے دوسرے سال پیش آیا۔ بنی قینقاع مدینہ کے ایک یہودی قبیلے کا نام تھا جنہوں نے صلح کے معاہدے کی خلاف ورزی کی اور ایک مسلمان خاتون کے ساتھ بدتمیزی کی۔ اس کے نتیجے میں مسلمانوں نے ان کا محاصرہ کیا اور انہیں مدینہ سے جلاوطن کر دیا گیا۔

سوال نمبر 5- بنو قریظہ کی بدعہدی اور ان کے خاتمے پر جامع نوٹ تحریر کریں۔

بنو قریظہ بھی مدینہ کے ایک یہودی قبیلے کا نام تھا جنہوں نے غزوہ خندق کے موقع پر مسلمانوں کے ساتھ کیے گئے معاہدے کی غداری کی اور مشرکین مکہ کے ساتھ مل گئے۔ جب مشرکین کا محاصرہ ختم ہو گیا تو مسلمانوں نے بنو قریظہ کا محاصرہ کیا اور ان کی بدعہدی ثابت ہونے پر ان کے مردوں کو قتل اور عورتوں اور بچوں کو قیدی بنا لیا گیا۔ یہ واقعہ مسلمانوں کے ساتھ غداری کی سنگین سزا کی ایک مثال ہے۔

AIOU 0436 سیرت طیبہ Solved Assignment 2 Spring 2025

AIOU 0436 Assignment 2

سوال نمبر 1- غزوہ حنین اور طائف پر علیحدہ علیحدہ نوٹ تحریر کریں۔

غزوہ حنین شوال 8 ہجری میں مکہ فتح ہونے کے بعد قبیلہ ہوازن اور ثقیف سے ہوا۔ مسلمانوں کی تعداد بارہ ہزار تھی اور ان کے پاس بہت زیادہ مال غنیمت آیا۔ اس غزوہ میں مسلمانوں کو ابتداء میں کچھ مشکلات پیش آئیں لیکن بالآخر فتح مسلمانوں کی ہوئی۔

غزوہ طائف غزوہ حنین کے فوراً بعد شوال 8 ہجری میں ہی پیش آیا۔ یہ دراصل قبیلہ ثقیف کے خلاف مہم تھی جنہوں نے غزوہ حنین میں ہوازن کا ساتھ دیا تھا۔ مسلمانوں نے طائف کا محاصرہ کیا لیکن یہ محاصرہ طویل ہو گیا اور بالآخر رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے محاصرہ ختم کرنے کا حکم دے دیا۔ اس غزوہ میں مسلمانوں کو فتح حاصل نہیں ہوئی۔

سوال نمبر 2- رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے رحمۃ للعالمین کا ایک مختصر معاشی استحصال کا خاتمہ ہے۔ اس پر نوٹ لکھیں۔

رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی رحمت تمام جہانوں کے لیے تھی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے معاشی استحصال کے خاتمے کے لیے بہت سے اقدامات کیے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے سود کو حرام قرار دیا جو کہ معاشی استحصال کی ایک بڑی وجہ تھی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ناپ تول میں کمی کرنے سے منع فرمایا اور عدل و انصاف پر مبنی معاشی نظام کی تعلیم دی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے زکوٰۃ کا نظام قائم کیا جس سے غریبوں اور محتاجوں کی مدد کی جاتی تھی۔ اس طرح آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ایک ایسے معاشرے کی بنیاد رکھی جس میں معاشی ناانصافی اور استحصال کی کوئی جگہ نہیں تھی۔

سوال نمبر 3- رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا غلاموں سے حسن سلوک اور جامع مضمون تحریر کریں۔

رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے غلاموں کے ساتھ حسن سلوک کی بہت تاکید فرمائی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا کہ غلام بھی انسان ہیں اور ان کے ساتھ نرمی اور شفقت سے پیش آنا چاہیے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے غلاموں کو وہی کھانے اور لباس دینے کی ہدایت فرمائی جو خود کھاتے اور پہنتے تھے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے غلاموں پر ان کی طاقت سے زیادہ بوجھ ڈالنے سے منع فرمایا اور ان کی غلطیوں کو معاف کرنے کی تلقین کی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے غلاموں کو آزاد کرنے کی ترغیب دی اور بہت سے غلاموں کو اپنی ذاتی رقم سے آزاد کیا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے حسن سلوک کی وجہ سے بہت سے غلام مشرف بہ اسلام ہوئے اور معاشرے میں باعزت مقام حاصل کیا۔

سوال نمبر 4- حضور اقدس صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے خانگی انتظام پر مفصل نوٹ تحریر کریں۔

حضور اقدس صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا خانگی انتظام نہایت سادہ اور مثالی تھا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اپنے گھر کے کاموں میں اپنی ازواج مطہرات کا ہاتھ بٹاتے تھے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم گھر میں صفائی ستھرائی کا خیال رکھتے، برتن دھوتے اور کپڑوں کی مرمت کرتے تھے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اپنے اہل خانہ کے ساتھ نہایت محبت اور شفقت سے پیش آتے تھے اور ان کی ضروریات کا خیال رکھتے تھے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اپنے گھر کو نظم و ضبط کا نمونہ بنا رکھا تھا اور تمام امور باہمی مشورے سے انجام پاتے تھے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی خانگی زندگی تمام مسلمانوں کے لیے ایک بہترین مثال ہے۔

سوال نمبر 5- شہری کا مفہوم اور شریعت کی اقسام لکھنے کے بعد حضور اقدس صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم بحیثیت ذی وقار شہری پر جامع نوٹ تحریر کریں۔

شہری سے مراد کسی ریاست یا معاشرے کا وہ فرد ہے جو اس کے قوانین اور ضوابط کا پابند ہو اور اس کے حقوق و فرائض رکھتا ہو۔ شریعت کی اقسام میں بنیادی طور پر عبادات، معاملات، عقوبات اور اخلاقیات شامل ہیں۔ عبادات میں نماز، روزہ، حج اور زکوٰۃ وغیرہ شامل ہیں۔ معاملات میں خرید و فروخت، نکاح و طلاق اور وراثت وغیرہ کے احکام آتے ہیں۔ عقوبات میں جرائم کی سزائیں بیان کی جاتی ہیں۔ اخلاقیات میں حسن سلوک، صدق و امانت اور عدل و انصاف جیسے امور شامل ہیں۔

حضور اقدس صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم بحیثیت ذی وقار شہری ایک مثالی حیثیت رکھتے ہیں۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ریاست مدینہ کے قوانین کی مکمل پاسداری فرمائی اور ہمیشہ عدل و انصاف پر مبنی فیصلوں کو ترجیح دی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے تمام شہریوں کے حقوق کا خیال رکھا اور کسی قسم کی ناانصافی کو برداشت نہیں کیا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ایک ایسا معاشرہ قائم کیا جس میں تمام شہری امن و امان اور بھائی چارے کے ساتھ رہتے تھے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی زندگی بحیثیت شہری تمام لوگوں کے لیے ایک بہترین نمونہ ہے۔

AIOU 0436 سیرت طیبہ Solved Assignment 3 Spring 2025

AIOU 0436 Assignment 3

سوال نمبر 1- رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے نظام تعلیم پر جامع نوٹ تحریر کریں۔

رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا نظام تعلیم ایک جامع اور ہمہ گیر نظام تھا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے علم حاصل کرنے اور سکھانے پر بہت زور دیا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا کہ علم حاصل کرنا ہر مسلمان مرد اور عورت پر فرض ہے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے مسجد نبوی کو تعلیم کا مرکز بنایا جہاں صحابہ کرام رضی اللہ عنہم کو قرآن و سنت کی تعلیم دی جاتی تھی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے مختلف وفود کو تعلیم دینے کے لیے معلمین بھی بھیجے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا نظام تعلیم صرف دینی علوم تک محدود نہیں تھا بلکہ اس میں زندگی کے تمام پہلوؤں سے متعلق رہنمائی موجود تھی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے صحابہ کرام رضی اللہ عنہم کی تربیت اس انداز میں کی کہ وہ علم کے ساتھ ساتھ عمل کرنے والے بھی بنیں۔

سوال نمبر 2- رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی تبلیغی خصوصیات قلمبند کریں۔

رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی تبلیغی خصوصیات بہت نمایاں تھیں۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ہمیشہ حکمت اور نرمی سے لوگوں کو اسلام کی دعوت دی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا اخلاق حسنہ آپ کی تبلیغ کا اہم ذریعہ تھا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے کبھی کسی پر جبر نہیں کیا بلکہ محبت اور دلیل سے لوگوں کے دلوں کو فتح کیا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی گفتگو واضح، آسان اور دلنشین ہوتی تھی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے لوگوں کی ذہنی سطح اور حالات کو مدنظر رکھتے ہوئے تبلیغ فرمائی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے عملی نمونہ پیش کر کے لوگوں کو اسلام کی تعلیمات پر عمل کرنے کی ترغیب دی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی تبلیغ کا اثر دائمی اور ہمہ گیر ثابت ہوا۔

سوال نمبر 3- نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے شخصی اوصاف میں عزم و استقلال پر مفصل مضمون تحریر کریں۔

نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے شخصی اوصاف میں عزم و استقلال بہت نمایاں تھے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اپنے مشن کی راہ میں آنے والی ہر مشکل اور رکاوٹ کا صبر و استقلال سے مقابلہ کیا۔ کفار مکہ کی مخالفت، طائف میں سنگباری اور دیگر سخت حالات کے باوجود آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اپنے مقصد سے ذرہ بھر بھی نہیں ہچکچائے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا عزم اس قدر مضبوط تھا کہ کسی بھی لالچ یا خوف سے آپ کو اپنے راستے سے نہیں ہٹایا جا سکا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اللہ تعالیٰ پر کامل بھروسہ رکھتے ہوئے اپنے مشن کو جاری رکھا اور بالآخر کامیابی سے ہمکنار ہوئے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا عزم و استقلال تمام مسلمانوں کے لیے ایک بہترین مثال ہے۔

سوال نمبر 4- حضور اقدس صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے احکام الٰہی پر عمل کے اہتمام اور دینی معاملات میں میانہ روی پر علیحدہ علیحدہ نوٹ لکھیں۔

حضور اقدس صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم احکام الٰہی پر عمل کرنے کا بہت زیادہ اہتمام فرماتے تھے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے کبھی بھی اللہ تعالیٰ کے کسی حکم کی نافرمانی نہیں کی بلکہ ہمیشہ بڑھ چڑھ کر اس پر عمل کیا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نہ صرف خود عمل کرتے تھے بلکہ دوسروں کو بھی اس کی ترغیب دیتے تھے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی زندگی قرآن مجید کی عملی تفسیر تھی۔

دینی معاملات میں میانہ روی حضور اقدس صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی تعلیمات کا اہم حصہ ہے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ہمیشہ افراط و تفریط سے بچنے کی تلقین فرمائی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے عبادات اور دیگر دینی امور میں اعتدال اور آسانی پیدا کرنے کی ہدایت فرمائی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا کہ دین میں غلو سے بچو کیونکہ اس سے پہلے بہت سی قومیں ہلاک ہو گئیں۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا اسوہ حسنہ تمام دینی معاملات میں میانہ روی اختیار کرنے کی بہترین مثال ہے۔

سوال نمبر 5- رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے عمومی دفاعی اصول و ضوابط اور اقدامی تدابیر پر جامع نوٹ تحریر کریں۔

رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے عمومی دفاعی اصول و ضوابط نہایت جامع اور حکمت پر مبنی تھے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ہمیشہ امن کو ترجیح دی لیکن ضرورت پڑنے پر دفاع کے لیے مکمل تیاری کا حکم دیا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا دفاعی اصول یہ تھا کہ دشمن کو اپنی طاقت سے مرعوب رکھا جائے تاکہ وہ حملہ کرنے کی جرات نہ کر سکے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے جاسوسی کے نظام کو مضبوط بنایا تاکہ دشمن کی نقل و حرکت سے باخبر رہا جا سکے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فوج کی تربیت اور تنظیم پر خصوصی توجہ دی اور جنگی حکمت عملی میں صحابہ کرام رضی اللہ عنہم کے مشوروں کو اہمیت دی۔ اقدامی تدابیر کے طور پر آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اہم مقامات پر حفاظتی دستے تعینات کیے اور کسی بھی ممکنہ خطرے سے نمٹنے کے لیے تیار رہے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا دفاعی نظام نہ صرف موثر تھا بلکہ اخلاقی اصولوں پر بھی مبنی تھا۔

AIOU 0436 سیرت طیبہ Solved Assignment 4 Spring 2025

AIOU 0436 Assignment 4

سوال نمبر 1- رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی مدینہ منورہ میں قائم کردہ اسلامی ریاست کی فکری بنیادوں پر روشنی ڈالنے کے بعد نبوی ریاست کے امور خارجہ پر جامع نوٹ تحریر کریں۔

رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی مدینہ منورہ میں قائم کردہ اسلامی ریاست کی فکری بنیادیں توحید، رسالت اور آخرت کے عقائد پر استوار تھیں۔ ریاست کا مقصد اللہ تعالیٰ کی حاکمیت کو قائم کرنا، عدل و انصاف کو فروغ دینا اور اسلامی تعلیمات کے مطابق معاشرے کی تشکیل کرنا تھا۔ اس ریاست میں تمام شہریوں کو بلا تفریق مذہب و نسل یکساں حقوق حاصل تھے۔

نبوی ریاست کے امور خارجہ کا بنیادی مقصد دیگر ریاستوں کے ساتھ امن و سلامتی پر مبنی تعلقات قائم کرنا تھا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے مختلف قبائل اور ریاستوں کے ساتھ معاہدات کیے جن میں عدم جارحیت اور باہمی تعاون کے اصول طے کیے گئے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اپنے سفیر دیگر ممالک میں بھیجے تاکہ اسلام کی دعوت پہنچائی جا سکے اور دوستانہ تعلقات استوار کیے جا سکیں۔ جنگ کی صورت میں بھی آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اخلاقی اصولوں کی پاسداری کی اور غیر ضروری خونریزی سے اجتناب فرمایا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی خارجہ پالیسی عدل، رواداری اور حکمت پر مبنی تھی۔

سوال نمبر 2- عہد نبوی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے معاہدات اور سفارتی کاری پر علیحدہ علیحدہ نوٹ تحریر کریں۔

عہد نبوی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم میں مختلف قبائل اور ریاستوں کے ساتھ متعدد معاہدات کیے گئے۔ ان معاہدات کا مقصد امن و امان قائم کرنا، تجارتی تعلقات کو فروغ دینا اور مسلمانوں کو اپنی دعوت پھیلانے کے لیے سازگار ماحول فراہم کرنا تھا۔ صلح حدیبیہ ایک اہم معاہدہ ہے جو کفار مکہ اور مسلمانوں کے درمیان طے پایا۔ اس معاہدے کے نتیجے میں دس سال کے لیے جنگ بندی ہوئی اور مسلمانوں کو اپنی دعوت کو وسیع پیمانے پر پھیلانے کا موقع ملا۔

سفارتی کاری نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی حکمت عملی کا اہم حصہ تھی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے مختلف ممالک کے سربراہان کو خطوط لکھے اور اپنے سفیر بھیجے تاکہ انہیں اسلام کی دعوت دی جا سکے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے حبشہ کے بادشاہ نجاشی کے دربار میں اپنا سفیر بھیجا جس کے نتیجے میں نجاشی اور بہت سے حبشیوں نے اسلام قبول کیا۔ سفارتی کوششوں کے ذریعے آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے مسلمانوں کے لیے بین الاقوامی سطح پر ایک مقام پیدا کیا اور مختلف ریاستوں کے ساتھ اچھے تعلقات استوار کیے۔

سوال نمبر 3- معاشی زندگی کا مفہوم، معاشی مسئلہ اور اس کا حل اور نبوی معاشی زندگی پر جامع نوٹ لکھیں۔

معاشی زندگی سے مراد انسان کی وہ تمام سرگرمیاں ہیں جو اپنی اور اپنے اہل و عیال کی ضروریات کو پورا کرنے کے لیے انجام دیتا ہے۔ اس میں روزگار کے حصول، تجارت، صنعت اور زراعت جیسی تمام کوششیں شامل ہیں۔ معاشی مسئلہ بنیادی طور پر محدود وسائل اور لامحدود خواہشات کے درمیان عدم توازن کا نام ہے۔ انسان کی خواہشات کبھی ختم نہیں ہوتیں جبکہ وسائل محدود ہوتے ہیں جس کی وجہ سے معاشی مسائل جنم لیتے ہیں۔

معاشی مسئلے کا حل اسلامی تعلیمات میں موجود ہے۔ اسلام میانہ روی اور کفایت شعاری کی تعلیم دیتا ہے۔ فضول خرچی سے منع کرتا ہے اور حلال رزق کمانے کی ترغیب دیتا ہے۔ زکوٰۃ اور صدقات کے نظام سے دولت کی منصفانہ تقسیم ہوتی ہے اور غریبوں اور محتاجوں کی مدد کی جاتی ہے۔ سود کو حرام قرار دیا گیا ہے جو معاشی استحصال کی ایک بڑی وجہ ہے۔

نبوی معاشی زندگی سادگی اور کفایت شعاری کا بہترین نمونہ تھی۔ رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ہمیشہ سادہ زندگی گزاری اور دنیاوی مال و متاع کو زیادہ اہمیت نہیں دی۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے حلال رزق کمانے پر زور دیا اور محنت و مشقت کو پسند فرمایا۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے صحابہ کرام رضی اللہ عنہم کو بھی سادہ زندگی گزارنے اور دوسروں کی مدد کرنے کی تلقین فرمائی۔ نبوی معاشی زندگی میں ضرورت مندوں کا خیال رکھنا اور دولت کی منصفانہ تقسیم ایک اہم اصول تھا۔

سوال نمبر 4- عصر حاضر میں سیرت کی ضرورت و اہمیت اور اس کی اشاعت کے ممکنات و رجحانات پر جامع نوٹ تحریر کریں۔

عصر حاضر میں سیرت نبوی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی ضرورت و اہمیت بہت زیادہ بڑھ گئی ہے۔ آج دنیا کو جن مسائل کا سامنا ہے، ان کا حل سیرت نبوی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی روشنی میں تلاش کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ دہشت گردی، انتہا پسندی، معاشی ناانصافی اور اخلاقی انحطاط جیسے مسائل سے نمٹنے کے لیے سیرت نبوی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم میں بہترین رہنمائی موجود ہے۔ سیرت نبوی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ہمیں عدل و انصاف، رواداری، صبر و تحمل اور انسانیت سے محبت کا درس دیتی ہے۔

سیرت نبوی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی اشاعت کے لیے عصر حاضر میں بہت سے امکانات موجود ہیں۔ جدید ٹیکنالوجی اور میڈیا کے ذریعے سیرت کے پیغام کو دنیا کے کونے کونے تک پہنچایا جا سکتا ہے۔ مختلف زبانوں میں سیرت کی کتب، مضامین، دستاویزی فلمیں اور ویب سائٹس تیار کی جا سکتی ہیں۔ تعلیمی نصاب میں سیرت کو شامل کرنا اور کانفرنسوں و سیمینارز کا انعقاد بھی سیرت کی اشاعت میں اہم کردار ادا کر سکتا ہے۔ سوشل میڈیا پلیٹ فارمز کو مثبت انداز میں استعمال کرتے ہوئے سیرت کے مختلف پہلوؤں کو اجاگر کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ عصر حاضر میں سیرت کی اشاعت کا رجحان بڑھ رہا ہے اور مختلف ادارے اور افراد اس سلسلے میں فعال کردار ادا کر رہے ہیں۔ ضرورت اس امر کی ہے کہ ان کوششوں کو مزید منظم اور موثر بنایا جائے۔

سوال نمبر 5- رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے متعلق "ایچ جی ویلز" اور "مارگریٹ مارے" کے اقتباسات تحریر کریں۔

ایچ جی ویلز کے اقتباسات:

"میں نے محمد (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) کی زندگی کا مطالعہ کیا اور مجھے ان میں ایک حیرت انگیز شخصیت نظر آئی۔ وہ نہ صرف ایک عظیم پیغمبر تھے بلکہ ایک کامیاب سیاستدان، منتظم اور رہنما بھی تھے۔ ان کی سادگی، ایمانداری اور انصاف پسندی نے لوگوں کو بہت متاثر کیا۔"

"تاریخ میں بہت سے عظیم رہنما گزرے ہیں لیکن محمد (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) کا مقام ان سب سے بلند ہے۔ انہوں نے ایک منتشر اور جاہل قوم کو متحد کیا اور انہیں ایک ایسی تہذیب عطا کی جس نے دنیا پر صدیوں تک راج کیا۔"

مارگریٹ مارے کے اقتباسات:

"محمد (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) ایک اچھی اور بہترین شخصیت کے مالک تھے۔ ان کی قوت ارادی، یقین محکم اور اخلاص نے انہیں اپنے مشن میں کامیاب کیا۔ انہوں نے ایک ایسے معاشرے کی بنیاد رکھی جس میں مساوات اور بھائی چارے کو فروغ دیا گیا۔"

"میں محمد (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) کو تاریخ کے ان عظیم ترین افراد میں شمار کرتی ہوں جنہوں نے انسانیت کی تقدیر بدل دی۔ ان کی تعلیمات آج بھی ہمارے لیے مشعل راہ ہیں۔"

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AIOU 0386 Past Paper Spring 2009

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ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY


Level: Intermediate Semester: Spring 2009
Course Code: Compulsory English-1 (386) Maximum Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 03 Hours Pass Marks: 40

Note: Attempt all questions.

Q1: We start our day with greetings and introductions with the people around us. Write different expressions of greetings for the following people. (Attempt any five)
(i). mother
(ii). friend
(iii) teacher
(iv). class fellow
(v). neighbour
(vi). uncle
(vii). principal

(i) Mother: "Good morning, Mom!"

(ii) Friend: "Hey, Ali!"

(iii) Teacher: "Good morning, Shaheen."

(iv) Class Fellow: "Morning, Fatima!"

(v) Neighbour: "Hello, Mr. Khan!"

(vi) Uncle: "Good morning, Uncle Rizwan!"

(vii) Principal: "Good morning, Principal Ahmed!"

Q2: What expressions would you use in the following situations to grant permission? Use different expressions each time. Attempt any five.

(i) You want to watch a movie with your friends:
Yes, you can watch the movie.

(ii) You want to enter the office of your Principal:
May I come in?

(iii) You want to taste a piece of cake from your elder brother's dish:
Can I have a piece?

(iv) You want to arrange a dinner party at your home:
Yes, you can have the party.

(v) You want to go on a picnic with your friends:
Sure, you can go.

(vi) You want to make a call from your sister's mobile:
Can I use your phone?

(vii) You want to use the motorbike of your friend:
Can I borrow your bike?

Q3: Match the words in column A with this correct meaning in column B.

Column A Column B
1. Emphasize Support
2. Promote Border
3. Innovative Safety
4. Entertain Welcome
5. Urge Glad
6. Boundary Highlight
7. Security Inventive
8. Hail Amuse
9. Jubilant Desire
10. Adequate Sufficient
Column A Column B
1. Emphasize Highlight
2. Promote Support
3. Innovative Inventive
4. Entertain Amuse
5. Urge Desire
6. Boundary Border
7. Security Safety
8. Hail Welcome
9. Jubilant Glad
10. Adequate Sufficient

Q4(a): Punctuate and capitalize the following as needed.

(i). how old are you
(ii). well done you did a wonderful job
(iii). He will to karachi next week
(iv). pakistan has four provinces Punjab, NWFP, Sindh and Balochistan.
(v). he always gets up at 7 30 a.m.

(i) How old are you?

(ii) Well done! You did a wonderful job.

(iii) He will go to Karachi next week.

(iv) Pakistan has four provinces: Punjab, NWFP, Sindh, and Balochistan.

(v) He always gets up at 7:30 a.m.

Q4(b): Complete the sentences by using correct form of verbs given in the brackets. Use past tense only.

(i) She made a plan to visit her friend last week. (make)

(ii) They played very well in the final match. (play)

(iii) He saw a beautiful painting in the shop. (see)

(iv) Alia was reading a newspaper when I went to her home. (read)

(v) Did you wash your clothes yesterday? (wash)

Q5: Write a paragraph of about 100-150 words on the topics given below:

(i). Visit to a Historical Place.

Last summer, I went to visit a very famous historical place: Mohenjo-Daro. It is an ancient city located in Pakistan and is believed to be more than 4,000 years old! When I arrived, I felt like I had traveled back in time. There were ruins of houses, streets, and even a big pool called the Great Bath. I learned that people who lived there were very smart because they made a good drainage system and used bricks to build their homes.

The guide showed us many artifacts like pottery, tools, and jewelry that were found there. It was amazing to think that people used these items so long ago! The place was peaceful, and I could imagine how life might have been for the people who lived there.

Visiting Mohenjo-Daro taught me a lot about history and how people lived in the past. It made me feel proud to know that Pakistan has such an important historical treasure. I hope to visit more places like this someday!

(ii). My Elder Brother

My elder brother is a very special person in my life. He is kind, caring, and always helps me when I need him. He is older than me, so he knows many things, and I often go to him for advice. My brother studies hard and works to be successful, which inspires me to do the same. He is very responsible and takes care of our family with love and respect.

When I have homework or school projects, he helps me understand things and encourages me to do my best. We also enjoy spending time together. Sometimes, we play video games, go for walks, or watch movies. He always makes me laugh with his funny jokes.

I admire my elder brother for his honesty, hard work, and kindness. He is my role model, and I hope to be as good as him when I grow up. I am lucky to have such a wonderful elder brother in my life!

Q6: Express your feelings of pleasure in the situation given below using different expressions each time. Attempt any five of the following:

(i) On getting a new bicycle from your father as a gift:
Oh, Dad, this is absolutely fantastic! I'm so thrilled, thank you so much!

(ii) On meeting an old friend on the way:
Farah! Oh my goodness, it's so wonderful to see you! What a pleasant surprise!

(iii) On winning a scholarship:
I can't believe it! This is incredible news, I'm absolutely overjoyed to have won the scholarship!

(iv) On getting the first salary of your job:
Wow! Seeing this in my account... it's such a satisfying feeling! I'm really pleased.

(v) On finding money in the pocket of your old dress:
Well, look at this! What a delightful little surprise. It's like finding a hidden treasure!

(vi) On getting your favourite dress as a gift from your friends:
You guys! This is exactly the dress I wanted! I'm so touched and happy, thank you!

(vii) On winning Rs. 5,00,000/- in a lucky draw:
Unbelievable! Five hundred thousand rupees! I'm absolutely ecstatic, this is just amazing!

Q7: Read the following passage and answer the questions given at the end.

Passage:
Hello, welcome to the city Museum We hope this guide to the Museum helps you to enjoy your visit. There are seven main rooms in the Museum and we will start with the largest to the left of the main entrance. This room contains tapestries, rugs, carpets and wall hanging. From this room you may visit the famous clock collection in a small room in the very corner of the Museum. At the back of the Museum, there is another large L-shaped room which houses all the old seventeenth and pre seventeenth century paintings, including some fine portraits. The next room you come to, still at the back of the Muscuin, houses most of the eighteenth and nineteenth century paintings in the city. Next to this room is another small room containing a small collection of pottery and ceramic objects. To get to the modern paintings, those painted in the twentieth century, you must return through the carpet room. The modern paintings are housed in a long room in the other corner of the Museum. The sculptures are placed at the front of the Museum in the coffee area. In this area you will also find postcards and posters for sale, as well.

  1. What does the L-shaped room in the Museum contain?
    The L-shaped room in the Museum contains tapestries, rugs, carpets, and wall hangings.

  2. Where are the modern paintings kept?
    The modern paintings are housed in a long room in the other corner of the Museum.

  3. How many main rooms are there in the city Museum?
    There are seven main rooms in the city Museum.

  4. Give a suitable title to the passage.
    A Guide to the City Museum

  5. Write meanings of the due underlined bold words in the passage?
    • entrance: a way in
    • contains: has or holds within it
    • houses: provides shelter or accommodation for
    • portraits: paintings or drawings of a person, especially of the face and shoulders
    • collection: a group of similar things that are gathered together
    • pottery: the art and craft of creating objects from clay
    • museum: A museum is a place where preserved objects of cultural, historical, scientific, or artistic significance are showcased for learning and appreciation.

Q8: An incomplete part of a story is given below. Read it carefully and complete it while predicting/guessing its next part in about 100 words.

Story:
One hot day, an ant was searching for some water. After walking around for some time, she came to a spring. To reach the spring, she had to climb up a blade of grass. While making her way up, she slipped and fell into the water. She could have drowned if a dove up a nearby tree had not seen her. Seeing that the ant was in trouble,

Seeing that the ant was in trouble, the dove quickly plucked a leaf from the tree with its beak and dropped it into the water near the struggling ant. The ant, exhausted and desperate, climbed onto the floating leaf.

The dove watched patiently as the leaf drifted towards the bank of the spring. Finally, the leaf reached the edge, and the ant, weak but alive, crawled onto the grass. She took a moment to recover, catching her breath and drying her tiny body.

The ant, filled with gratitude, looked up at the dove perched on the branch. She chirped a silent thank you to her rescuer. The dove, in response, simply cooed softly, a gentle sound of reassurance. The ant never forgot the dove's kindness, and the dove was pleased to have helped a creature in need.

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AIOU 0386 Past Paper Autumn 2021

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ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY


Level: Intermediate Semester: Autumn 2021
Course Code: Compulsory English-1 (386) Maximum Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 03 Hours Pass Marks: 40

Note: Attempt all questions.

Q1: Fill in the blanks with appropriate simple present tense form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. As you say, I'm a man. (say)

2. Why don't you ask? (why/they/not/ask/?)

3. However, you can try it if you like. (like)

4. I don't suppose we shall meet again. (not/suppose)

5. I don't believe a word about the eyes. (not/believe)

6. Here I think I see a way. (think)

7. I don't say that they're wrong. (not/say)

8. It makes me cold to remember them. (make)

9. I guess they're looking for me. (guess)

10. How does he happen to be here? (how/he/happen/?)

Q2: Write appropriate replies for the following greetings.

1. Hi, how are you doing?
Reply: I'm doing well, thank you.

2. Hello. How is it going?
Reply: It's going well, thank you.

3. Hi, Sana. Long time no see. How are you?
Reply: Hi! I'm doing great, thanks.

4. Hi, how have you been Ali?
Reply: Hi! I've been good, thank you.

5. Nice to see you again.
Reply: Nice to see you too!

Q3: Make requests sentences using the given phrases (two each).

1. Can you...?
Request 1: Can you help me with this box?
Request 2: Can you please open the window?

2. Could you...?
Request 1: Could you tell me the time?
Request 2: Could you possibly lend me your pen?

3. Will you...?
Request 1: Will you pass the salt, please?
Request 2: Will you be quiet for a moment?

4. Would you mind...?
Request 1: Would you mind closing the door?
Request 2: Would you mind not making so much noise?

Q4: Describe each of the following picture in one sentence using adjectives of personality.

1. The character with the wide smile appears cheerful and friendly.

2. The small figure sitting alone at the large desk seems thoughtful and perhaps a little introverted.

3. The waving bear looks gregarious and welcoming.

4. The hunched-over figure with downcast eyes appears gloomy and pessimistic.

5. The character with the surprised expression and raised hands seems astonished and slightly naive.

Q5: Make sentences of apology using the phrases given below. Also write response sentences for accepting these apologies.

1. I do apologize for...
Apology: I do apologize for the delay in responding to your email.
Response: That's quite alright, I understand you're busy.

2. I must apologize for...
Apology: I must apologize for the mistake I made in the report.
Response: It's okay, these things happen. Just make sure it's corrected.

3. I apologize for...
Apology: I apologize for interrupting your presentation earlier.
Response: No worries at all, please don't mention it.

4. I'd like to apologize for...
Apology: I'd like to apologize for not being able to attend the meeting.
Response: That's perfectly fine, thank you for letting me know.

5. I am so sorry for...
Apology: I am so sorry for breaking your favorite mug.
Response: Oh, don't worry about it too much. It was just a mug.

Q6: Fill in the blanks with the correct linkers.

1. I think junk food advertisement on TV should be banned because of the danger to children who watch them.

2. I suggest we take an early train, otherwise, we'll be late.

3. Many of the clothes are made by people who are paid very little. Therefore, the clothes are very cheap.

4. Tim has to go to the dentist because of an infected tooth.

5. I didn't tell you lest it make you angry.

6. It was such good cake that I couldn't help eating it.

7. I'll look after the children while you are making dinner.

8. She walked carefully as the streets were covered in ice.

9. Although he lost a lot of blood, he is in stable condition.

10. She went to the supermarket to buy an ice-cream.

Q7: Write an opinion essay about use of social media using the following phrases.

Social media has become an undeniable force in our modern world, shaping communication and connection in profound ways. I think it has revolutionized how we interact, offering instant access to information and allowing us to stay connected with people across vast distances. I believe this ability to bridge geographical gaps is one of its most significant advantages.

However, the pervasive influence of social media is not without its drawbacks. I suppose one of the most concerning aspects is the potential for misinformation to spread rapidly, often with little to no verification. It seems to me that this can have serious consequences, impacting public opinion and even real-world events. I personally find the curated and often unrealistic portrayals of life on these platforms to be a source of anxiety for many users.

I dare say that the addictive nature of social media is another significant issue. The constant notifications and the urge to check for updates can lead to excessive use, encroaching on valuable time and attention. As for me, I sometimes find myself mindlessly scrolling, even when I have other more important tasks to attend to.

Talking of its impact on mental well-being, I would say that the pressure to present a perfect online persona can be detrimental to self-esteem. The comparison with others' highlight reels can foster feelings of inadequacy and envy. In my opinion, it's crucial for users to maintain a healthy perspective and remember that what they see online is often not the full picture. From my point of view, the cyberbullying and online harassment that can occur on these platforms are also deeply troubling and require more effective solutions.

In conclusion, while social media offers undeniable benefits in terms of connectivity and information sharing, it also presents significant challenges. Navigating this digital landscape requires a critical and mindful approach, recognizing both its potential and its pitfalls.

Q8: An incomplete story is given below. Complete the story using your own imaginations.

Kanishka’s excitement turned to cold dread as she realized her parents were gone. One moment, the roar of a departing plane had captivated her; the next, she was utterly alone in the bustling Karachi airport. “Mama? Papa?” Her small voice was lost in the crowd. Tears welled as she spun around, unfamiliar faces blurring her vision. Had they gone ahead? They always waited.

Panic tightened her chest. She remembered pausing by a shiny fire truck. Retracing her steps, the gate was deserted. Despair washed over her. Just as a sob escaped, a kind woman in blue knelt beside her. “Are you alright, little one? Are you lost?” Hope flickered. “Kanishka,” she whispered. “Let’s go to the information desk,” the woman said gently. Hand in hand, Kanishka followed, the thought of her parents her only guide.

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AIOU 0386 Past Paper Spring 2022

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ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY


Level: Intermediate Semester: Spring 2022
Course Code: Compulsory English-1 (386) Maximum Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 03 Hours Pass Marks: 40

Note: Attempt all questions.

Q1: Fill in the blank blanks in the dialogue below with greeting words.

Mr. Imran: Hello, Mrs. Ali.

Mrs. Ali: Good morning, Mr. Imran. How are you?

Mr. Imran: I'm fine, thank you, And you?

Mrs. Ali: Hello, Mr. Imran, this is my husband, Ali. Ali, this is Mr. Imran, my colleague.

Mr. Ali: Nice to meet you, Mr. Imran. How are you doing?

Mr. Imran: Nice to meet you too. Are you from Peshawar, Mr. Ali?

Mrs. Ali: Well, goodbye, Mr. Imran. It was nice seeing you.

Mr. Imran: Yes, it was nice talking to you. Goodbye.

Mr. Ali: Goodbye.

Q2: Fill in the blanks with appropriate simple present tense form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. Do you know how to speak Punjabi? (know)

2. She works as an accountant in a private firm. (work)

3. I do not like Mathematics. (like)

4. The sun sets in the west. (set)

5. He does not write novels. (write)

6. Ali cleans his room every day. (clean)

7. I wake up at 4:00 am every day. (wake)

8. Sana does not drive her car. (drive)

9. Do you play tennis? (play)

10. They study books late at night. (study)

Q3: Make request sentences by using the given words.

1. Do you mind helping me with this problem?

2. Could you please pass the salt?

3. Please, could you close the door?

4. Would you like me to carry that for you?

5. Shall I open the window?

6. Do you mind if I sit here?

7. Would anyone mind if I turned on the music?

8. May I ask a question?

9. Would it be possible to get an extension on the deadline?

10. Would you tell me the time, please?

Q4: Write personality description of anyone of your friends using the following adjectives.

Let me tell you about my friend, Sarah. She is a very kind person, always thinking about how others feel. Even though she can be quiet in large groups, she is quite cheerful when you get to know her better, and her laughter is infectious. Sarah is incredibly reliable; if she says she'll do something, you can count on it.

She's also quite brave, standing up for what she believes in, even when it's not easy. Unlike some, Sarah is very generous with her time and resources, always willing to lend a hand. While she appreciates nice things, she is also modest about her own achievements and doesn't like to boastful.

You'll find Sarah to be very sensible and thoughtful in her decisions, and she's generally easy-going, not getting stressed out by small things. She has a wonderfully witty sense of humor and can always make me laugh. While she can be a little touchy sometimes if she feels misunderstood, she is never intentionally selfish or greedy. Overall, Sarah is a wonderful friend, and I feel lucky to know her.

Q5: Make sentences of apology and response sentences for accepting these apologies using each of the following phrases.

Apology: Please, accept my apologies for being late to our meeting.
Response: That's alright, I understand.

Apology: I do realize that my actions caused you some trouble.
Response: It's okay, don't worry about it too much.

Apology: Excuse me, I didn't mean to bump into you.
Response: No problem at all, it happens.

Apology: I am really sorry for forgetting your birthday.
Response: Thank you for apologizing. I appreciate that.

Apology: Sorry for the mistake in the report.
Response: That's fine, just make sure it's corrected.

Q6: Fill in the blanks with the correct linkers.

1. I am not very good at sports, but, I do play occasionally.

2. I belong to a gym, yet, I hardly ever go.

3. Running is a convenient form of exercise, because, it's something you can do wherever you are.

4. You may be very slim, however, you will need to do exercise.

5. Vegetarian food is better than meat, although, it can be a bit boring sometimes.

6. Despite their parents' opposition, Tom and Ann decided to get married.

7. We'll leave the note on the table so that he can see it.

8. Although I have a great respect for him, I don't particularly like him.

9. Tim isn't suitable for the job. He's too old, and, he isn't interested.

10. Since there are no more questions to discuss, we can finish the meeting.

Q7: Write an opinion essay about your favourite sport using the following phrases.

My favorite sport is undoubtedly football. I think its global appeal is unmatched. I believe the simplicity of the rules allows for complex strategies. I suppose the constant action keeps me engaged. It seems to me the emotional connection fans have is unique. I personally find the skill of the players mesmerizing. I dare say the unpredictability adds to the excitement. As for me, the roar of the crowd is exhilarating. Talking of the athleticism, I would say it's truly impressive. In my opinion, it's more than a game; it's a culture. From my point of view, the teamwork required is admirable. Moreover, the major tournaments are global celebrations. In addition to the on-field action, the stories behind the teams are captivating. Talking of memorable moments, I would say they are countless. Generally speaking, it's a sport that unites nations. On top of that, it's accessible to everyone.

Q8: An incomplete story is given below. Complete the story using your own imaginations.

Millie stared at the small, intricately carved wooden bird that had fallen from the blue bottle. It was no bigger than her thumb, yet every feather was detailed with remarkable precision. As she held it, a faint, sweet scent, like blooming jasmine, wafted from the wood. Curiosity bubbling, Millie carefully turned the blue bottle over again, peering into its dark depths. This time, however, it wasn't completely black. A soft, ethereal glow emanated from within, pulsing gently like a tiny heartbeat.

Hesitantly, she tilted the bottle, and another object slid into the neck. This time, it was a tiny, rolled-up scroll, tied with a thread of shimmering gold. With nimble fingers, Millie unfurled the scroll. The script was unlike anything she had ever seen, elegant swirling characters that seemed to dance on the aged parchment. As her eyes scanned the strange writing, a voice, soft as a whisper yet clear as a bell, echoed in her mind.

"Greetings, finder," it seemed to say. "You have stumbled upon a keeper of forgotten stories. The bird you hold sings tales of faraway lands, and the scroll reveals secrets whispered on the wind. The bottle itself holds glimpses of moments lost to time. But be warned, these are not mere trinkets. They hold a magic that can stir the imagination and perhaps, even change the course of a life."

Millie’s heart pounded. She looked at the wooden bird, now seeming to shimmer faintly in her hand. She glanced at the mysterious scroll and then back at the blue bottle, its inner light now glowing a little brighter. A sense of wonder, mixed with a touch of trepidation, washed over her. What were these forgotten stories? What secrets did the scroll hold? And what kind of magic resided within the unassuming blue bottle? Sleep was the furthest thing from her mind as she clutched the treasures, ready to unravel the mysteries they held. The night had just begun.

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AIOU 0386 Past Paper Spring 2019

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ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY


Level: Intermediate Semester: Spring 2019
Course Code: Compulsory English-1 (386) Maximum Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 03 Hours Pass Marks: 40

Note: Attempt all questions.

Q1: Introduce yourself in the following situations using both formal and informal forms according to situation.
1. To the new boss.
2. To group members
3. To class fellow.
4. To a friend's father.
5. To your junior in school.

To the new boss (formal): Good morning, sir/ma’am. My name is Haider Ali, and I’m thrilled to join your team. I look forward to learning and contributing under your leadership.

To group members (formal): Hello, everyone. I’m Haider Ali, and I’m excited to work together on this project. I believe teamwork will help us achieve great results.

To a class fellow (informal): Hey, I’m Haider Ali. Good to meet you! Let’s help each other out in this class.

To a friend's father (formal): Good evening, sir. My name is Haider Ali. It’s a pleasure to meet you.

To your junior in school (informal): Hi, I’m Haider Ali. Welcome to the school! If you ever need anything, just let me know.

Q2: Write suitable requests for the following forms of permissions / refusals.
1. Yes, she would
2. Go swimming
3. 1 couldn't lend you.
4. I am not doing anything dangerous.
5. We shall not wait for her.

1. Yes, she would: "Would she be willing to help us with this task?"

2. Go swimming: "May I have permission to go swimming this afternoon?"

3. I couldn't lend you: "Could I borrow your book for a few days, or would that be inconvenient?"

4. I am not doing anything dangerous: "Am I allowed to proceed with this activity, given that it’s completely safe?"

5. We shall not wait for her: "Could we proceed without her if she’s running late?"

Q3: Describe one of your favourite celebrities in a paragraph with reference to the following points.
1. Physical appearance
2. Personality
3. Temperament
4. Habits
5. Body language

Abdul Qadeer Khan, often revered as the "Father of Pakistan's Nuclear Program," was a dignified figure with a calm and composed appearance. He had a gentle, intellectual demeanor, often seen in his spectacles and neatly groomed attire, which reflected his meticulous personality. His personality was marked by humility and resilience, demonstrating both a deep patriotism and an unwavering commitment to scientific progress. In terms of temperament, he was known to be focused and determined, approaching challenges with a steady and thoughtful mindset. His habits included a rigorous dedication to his work and an enduring passion for education and knowledge-sharing, as he remained deeply involved in mentoring and guiding young scientists. His body language was modest and composed, yet his presence exuded quiet confidence and determination, inspiring respect and admiration from all those who worked with him. Abdul Qadeer Khan's contributions remain etched in history, celebrated for their impact and significance.

Q4: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

There are many types of video games, Tetris is one of them. It is a game about making lines. Blocks fall from the top of the screen. They tall one at a time. The player moves the blocks. Once the blocks hit the bottom, they are locked in place. Players try to make lines go across the screen with no gaps. Complete lines disappear. This gives players more room. The blocks pile up during the game. The game ends when the blocks get to the top of the screen.
A man named Alexey made Tetris in 1984. All the pieces in Tetris have four blocks. The word "tetra" means four. Alexcy named his gari atter tetra and tennis. He made Tetris while working at a science academy in Moscow. Moscow is in Russia. Alexey made his game on a screen that only showed letters. He could not itse blocks. The blocks were made out of letters in the first game of Tetris. Still, all Alexey's friends loved his game. It was easy to learn and fun to play.

1. What is this article about?
This article is about the video game Tetris, how it is played, and its creation by Alexey.

2. What is the goal of the game?
The goal of Tetris is to create complete lines across the screen without gaps. Complete lines disappear, giving players more space to continue.

3. Why is Tetris named so?
Tetris is named after the word "tetra," which means four, as all pieces in the game are made of four blocks.

4. Where was Alexey when he created Tetris?
Alexey created Tetris while working at a science academy in Moscow, Russia.

5. Why did Alexey's friends like this game?
Alexey's friends loved Tetris because it was easy to learn and fun to play.

Q5: Complete the following sentences of apology. Also title each sentence as a formal and informal form of apology.

1. Formal: It's all my fault that we missed the train. I am terribly sorry.

2. Informal: Please don't be upset, but I have to cancel our plans for this weekend.

3. Formal: I sincerely apologize for the delay in replying to your email.

4. Informal: I know I disappointed you. Hope you can forgive me.

5. Formal: Please accept my sincerest apologies for the damage.

Q6: Pollution causes climate change; write an informative note on climate change and it's importance; giving reasons.

Climate Change and Its Importance

Climate change refers to the long-term alterations in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other aspects of Earth's climate. It is largely driven by human activities such as deforestation, burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas), and industrial processes that release large amounts of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) into the atmosphere. Pollution, especially air pollution from vehicle emissions, factories, and agriculture, significantly contributes to climate change by trapping heat and causing global warming.

Reasons Climate Change Matters

1. Rising Temperatures: Climate change has led to a steady rise in global temperatures, causing heatwaves, melting ice caps, and rising sea levels. Coastal areas face the threat of submersion, displacing millions of people.

2. Extreme Weather Events: Hurricanes, floods, droughts, and wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe. These events devastate ecosystems, homes, and livelihoods.

3. Impact on Agriculture: Changing weather patterns affect crop growth, leading to food shortages and economic instability, especially in vulnerable regions.

4. Threat to Biodiversity: Many species struggle to adapt to rapidly changing environments, leading to extinction and loss of biodiversity.

5. Health Risks: Pollution and warming increase the prevalence of respiratory issues, heat-related illnesses, and the spread of diseases like malaria and dengue.

6. Social and Economic Consequences: Climate change exacerbates poverty, inequality, and conflicts over resources like water and arable land.

Why Action Is Crucial

Climate change is not just an environmental issue; it is a humanitarian, economic, and global security challenge. Addressing climate change requires collective efforts to reduce pollution, transition to renewable energy sources, protect natural habitats, and promote sustainable practices. Every step we take toward curbing climate change helps ensure a healthier, more stable planet for current and future generations.

Q7: Answer the following by agreeing or disagreeing.

1. I am not very much interested in politics.

I agree. Some people find politics uninteresting or complicated, and that’s perfectly okay. Everyone has their own interests.

2. I believe that one day science will cure every disease.

I disagree. While science has advanced tremendously and will continue to improve healthcare, the complexity of diseases and new challenges like evolving pathogens may mean not every single disease will be eradicated.

3. The restaurant offers complimentary breakfast.

I agree, assuming that this is what the restaurant advertises. Many establishments provide this as part of their service to attract and satisfy guests.

4. In my view, there should not be any Veto power in the world.

I agree. The concept of veto power is often criticized for giving disproportionate influence to a few parties, which may hinder global equality and collective decision-making.

5. The thing is when the water level rises, floods will come.

I agree. Rising water levels, due to factors like heavy rainfall or melting ice caps, often lead to flooding, impacting both nature and communities.

Q8: Narrate in past tense the story of a drama/movie/cartoon that you have recently seen.

The story unfolded in the Pride Lands of Africa, where a young lion prince, Simba, was born to King Mufasa and Queen Sarabi. Mufasa taught Simba about the responsibilities of leadership and the balance of the Circle of Life. However, Mufasa’s jealous brother, Scar, plotted to seize the throne.

Scar lured Simba into a stampede and manipulated events so that Mufasa died heroically while saving him. Scar convinced Simba that he was to blame for his father’s death and urged him to flee. Simba ran away and ended up in a distant jungle, where he befriended Timon, a meerkat, and Pumbaa, a warthog, who introduced him to a carefree lifestyle with their mantra, "Hakuna Matata."

Years passed, and Simba grew into an adult. Meanwhile, Scar ruled the Pride Lands, which fell into despair. Simba’s childhood friend, Nala, found him and begged him to return. Reluctantly, Simba returned after an encounter with the spirit of Mufasa, who reminded him of his true role as king.

Simba confronted Scar, who admitted to murdering Mufasa. A battle ensued, and Simba ultimately triumphed, reclaiming his rightful place as king. The Pride Lands flourished again, and the Circle of Life continued with the birth of Simba and Nala’s cub.

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AIOU 5055 Solved Assignments Spring 2025

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AIOU 5055 Taxation Management Solved Assignment 1 Spring 2025

AIOU 5055 Assignment 1

Q1. Discuss in detail the taxation of capital gains under the Income Tax Ordinance 2001.

1. What are Capital Gains?

Capital gains refer to profits arising from the disposal of a capital asset during the tax year. These assets may include immovable property (e.g., land and buildings), securities (e.g., shares, bonds), and other tangible or intangible assets. Capital gains are taxable unless specifically exempted under the Ordinance.

2. How Are Capital Gains Taxed?

(A) Gains from Immovable Property:

Gains from selling immovable property are taxed under Section 37. Taxation depends on the holding period (the time the property is held before being sold):

- Held for up to 1 year: Full gain is taxable.

- Held for 1–2 years: A reduced percentage of the gain is taxable.

- Held for 2–3 years: Tax liability decreases further.

- Held for more than 4 years: Exempt from tax.

The formula for calculating gains: Capital Gain = Sale Price - Cost of Acquisition - Allowable Expenses.

(B) Gains from Securities:

Capital gains from securities, such as shares and mutual funds, are governed by Section 37A. Taxation varies based on:

- Type of Security: Listed or unlisted securities.

- Holding Period: Securities held for shorter durations attract higher rates.

Rates for listed securities are specified in the First Schedule of the Ordinance, with favorable rates for promoting investment.

3. What Exemptions Apply?

Some capital gains are exempt to encourage investment and fairness:

- Inheritance: Gains on assets inherited are exempt.

- Gifts: Assets received as gifts from specific relatives are exempt.

- Agricultural Land: Gains from the disposal of specified agricultural land are exempt from taxation.

4. How Are Losses Deducted?

Capital losses (arising when assets are sold at a loss) can offset capital gains within the same tax year. However, these losses cannot offset other types of income like salary or business income.

5. Are Taxpayers Required to File Capital Gains?

Taxpayers must report capital gains in their annual tax return. Proper documentation, such as sale deeds and purchase records, is necessary to ensure compliance.

6. Are There Special Provisions?

The Ordinance includes relief measures, such as reduced tax rates or amnesties for particular gains, especially in real estate and securities, to boost economic activities.

Q2. a) What is withholding tax? Explain the legal provisions as per the Income Tax Ordinance 2001.

What is withholding tax? Withholding tax is a system where tax is deducted at the source of income or payment. It ensures timely tax collection and compliance by requiring certain entities, known as withholding agents, to deduct tax before making payments to individuals or businesses.

Explain the legal provisions as per the Income Tax Ordinance 2001. Under Pakistan's Income Tax Ordinance 2001, the legal provisions for withholding tax include:

Obligations of Withholding Agents: Specific entities, such as employers, banks, and businesses, are required to deduct tax at the time of payment for transactions like salaries, dividends, and payments to contractors.

Applicable Rates: The Ordinance specifies rates for different types of payments, which may vary based on the nature of the transaction and the recipient's tax status.

Time of Deduction and Deposit: Tax must be deducted at the time of payment and deposited into the Federal Government's account within a prescribed timeframe.

Exemptions and Reduced Rates: Certain transactions or entities may qualify for exemptions or reduced rates under specific conditions.

Consequences of Non-Compliance: Failure to deduct or deposit withholding tax can result in penalties, fines, and legal action.

Q2. b) Compute the tax liability of a registered firm XY where X and Y equal partners are working.


Expenses Rs. Revenues Rs.
Purchases 180,000 Sales 800,000
Wages to workers 20,000 Interest on bank Deposits 15,000
Maintenance 10,000
Personal expenses X 4,000
Personal expenses Y 5,000
Commission X 10,000
Commission Y 9,000
Depreciation 12,000
Salaries 50,000
Net Profit 515,000
Total 815,000 Total 815,000

Additional Information:
1. Tax depreciation is of Rs. 30,000
2. The travelling expenses of Rs. 15000 have not been recorded.
3. The salaries include salary of X of Rs. 10,000 and salary of Y of Rs. 5,000.
4. The maintenance expenses include a payment of Rs. 3000 to Mr. X.

Taxable Income Calculation:

Starting Point:

Net Profit (as per accounts): Rs. 515,000

Add Back Non-Deductible Expenses:

Personal expenses of partners X and Y = Rs. 4,000 (X) + Rs. 5,000 (Y) = Rs. 9,000

Salaries paid to partners = Rs. 10,000 (to X) + Rs. 5,000 (to Y) = Rs. 15,000

Maintenance expenses paid to Mr. X = Rs. 3,000

Total Non-Deductible Expenses = Rs. 27,000

Subtract Unrecorded Deductible Expenses:

Travelling expenses not recorded = Rs. 15,000

Adjust Depreciation:

Tax Depreciation = Rs. 30,000

Accounting Depreciation = Rs. 12,000

Deduction for Tax Purposes = Rs. 30,000 - Rs. 12,000 = Rs. 18,000

Taxable Income Formula:

Taxable Income = Net Profit + Non-Deductible Expenses - Unrecorded Deductible Expenses - Depreciation Adjustment

Final Taxable Income Calculation:

Taxable Income = Rs. 515,000 + Rs. 27,000 - Rs. 15,000 - Rs. 18,000 = Rs. 509,000

Tax Liability Calculation:

Taxable Income: Rs. 509,000

Tax Rates for AOPs in Pakistan:

1. Up to Rs. 600,000: 0% tax rate (exempt)

2. Rs. 600,000 to Rs. 800,000: 7.5% of the amount above Rs. 600,000

3. Rs. 800,000 to Rs. 1,200,000: Rs. 15,000 + 15% of the amount above Rs. 800,000

4. Rs. 1,200,000 to Rs. 2,400,000: Rs. 75,000 + 20% of the amount above Rs. 1,200,000

5. Rs. 2,400,000 to Rs. 3,000,000: Rs. 315,000 + 25% of the amount above Rs. 2,400,000

6. Above Rs. 3,000,000: Rs. 465,000 + 30% of the amount above Rs. 3,000,000

Tax Liability:

Since Rs. 509,000 falls below Rs. 600,000, the firm is exempt from tax under the current tax slabs for AOPs.

Q3. a) Calculate the tax liability of M.Y Ltd from the following records:

Expenses Rs. Revenues Rs.
Cost of goods sold 510,000 Sales 11,00,000
Travelling 15,000 Dividend received 14,000
Legal fee 10,000 Capital gain on sale of shares of public company 25,000
Zakat fee 5,000
Rent 16,000
Withholding tax paid 11,000
Net profit 572,000
Total 11,39,000 Total 11,39,000

Additional information:
1. Tax depreciation amounts to Rs.15,000.
2. Cost of goods sold includes a payment of Rs.12000 to an advertising agency for last year's advertisement.
3. Travelling expenses of Rs.5000 are recorded without invoice proof.
4. Legal fee includes a payment of Rs.3000 to the settlement of a case.
5. The corporate income tax rate is 28% and alternate corporate tax rate is 17%.

Adjust the Net Profit

Start with Net Profit = Rs. 572,000

Adjustments:

1. Cost of Goods Sold: Includes Rs. 12,000 for last year's advertisement. Add back Rs. 12,000.

2. Travelling Expenses: Recorded Rs. 5,000 without invoice proof. Add back Rs. 5,000.

3. Legal Fee: Rs. 3,000 for settlement of a case. No adjustment is required for this as it is assumed to be legitimate.

4. Tax Depreciation: Given as Rs. 15,000, which we will use for deduction (no adjustment needed as accounting depreciation is unknown).

Adjusted Taxable Income from Business:

Taxable Income (Business) = Net Profit + Adjustment for Cost of Goods Sold + Adjustment for Travelling Expenses

Taxable Income (Business) = Rs. 572,000 + Rs. 12,000 + Rs. 5,000

Taxable Income (Business) = Rs. 589,000

Add Income from Other Sources

1. Dividend Received: Rs. 14,000 (assumed taxable).

2. Capital Gain on Sale of Shares: Rs. 25,000 (assumed taxable).

Total Taxable Income = Taxable Income (Business) + Dividend Received + Capital Gain

Total Taxable Income = Rs. 589,000 + Rs. 14,000 + Rs. 25,000

Total Taxable Income = Rs. 628,000

Compute Tax Liability

Using Corporate Tax Rate (28%):

Tax Liability = Total Taxable Income × Corporate Tax Rate

Tax Liability = Rs. 628,000 × 0.28

Tax Liability = Rs. 175,840

Using Alternate Corporate Tax Rate (17%):

Tax Liability = Total Taxable Income × Alternate Tax Rate

Tax Liability = Rs. 628,000 × 0.17

Tax Liability = Rs. 106,760

Final Tax Liability

The tax liability depends on the applicable tax rate:

- At 28% Corporate Tax Rate: Rs. 175,840

- At 17% Alternate Corporate Tax Rate: Rs. 106,760

Q3. b) What are the corporate tax credits and rebates under the Income Tax Ordinance 2001. Explain in detail.

What are the corporate tax credits under the Income Tax Ordinance 2001?

Charitable Donations: Tax credits are available for donations to approved charitable organizations.

Investment in Shares and Life Insurance: Tax credits are provided for investments in listed shares and life insurance premiums.

Pension Funds: Contributions to approved pension funds are eligible for tax credits.

Balancing, Modernization, and Replacement (BMR): Tax credits are offered for investments in BMR of plant and machinery.

Enlistment on Stock Exchange: Companies that enlist on a stock exchange in Pakistan can claim tax credits.

Equity Investment in New Industrial Undertakings: Tax credits are available for equity investments in newly established industrial undertakings.

Startups: Certified startups registered with the Pakistan Software Export Board (PSEB) are eligible for tax credits for up to three years.

What are the corporate tax rebates under the Income Tax Ordinance 2001?

Senior Citizens: Individuals aged 60 and above are eligible for a rebate on their tax liability.

Full-Time Teachers and Researchers: A rebate is available for full-time teachers and researchers working in recognized institutions.

Profit on Debt: Rebates are provided for profit on debt for the construction or purchase of a house.

What are the exemptions and incentives under the Income Tax Ordinance 2001?

Special Economic Zones (SEZs): Enterprises in SEZs enjoy tax exemptions for a specified period.

Power Generation Projects: Profits from power generation projects are exempt from tax under certain conditions.

Venture Capital Funds: Tax exemptions are available for venture capital funds until a specified date.

Cinema Operations: Income from cinema operations is exempt for five years from the commencement of operations.

Q4. a) MR. Raheem has reported the following transactions for the tax year 2018.

1. Rent received Rs 30,000 per month.
2. Income from fruit selling business Rs.200000
3. Income from the Sale of juices Rs.10,00,000
4. Ground rent received=Rs.30000
5. Royalty income received=Rs.60000
6. Capital gain on sale of shares of a Pvt Ltd of Rs.
70000. The holiday period is 6 months.
7. Donation to a govt. school of Rs.15000
8. Share of income received from AOP Rs.90000
9. Mr Raheem is claiming a senior citizen tax rebate.

Gross Income: Rs. 1,810,000

Step 1: Rent Received: Rs. 30,000 × 12 = Rs. 360,000

Income from Fruit Selling Business: Rs. 200,000

Income from Sale of Juices: Rs. 1,000,000

Ground Rent Received: Rs. 30,000

Royalty Income: Rs. 60,000

Capital Gain on Sale of Shares: Rs. 70,000 (Note: May be taxed separately based on holding period and applicable rates)

Share of Income from AOP: Rs. 90,000 (Exempt if tax has already been paid by the AOP)

Step 2: Deduct Allowable Expenses and Exemptions:

Donation to Government School: Rs. 15,000 (Eligible for tax credit, not a direct deduction)

Step 3: Taxable Income: Rs. 1,810,000 (Donations do not reduce taxable income directly)

Step 4: Tax Calculation:

Income up to Rs. 600,000: Rs. 600,000 × 0% = Rs. 0

Income from Rs. 600,001 to Rs. 1,200,000: Rs. 600,000 × 15% = Rs. 90,000

Income from Rs. 1,200,001 to Rs. 1,600,000: Rs. 400,000 × 20% = Rs. 80,000

Income from Rs. 1,600,001 to Rs. 1,810,000: Rs. 210,000 × 30% = Rs. 63,000

Total Tax Liability (before credits): Rs. 233,000

Step 5: Tax Credit for Donation:

Assuming full eligibility: Rs. 15,000

Net Tax Liability: Rs. 233,000 - Rs. 15,000 = Rs. 218,000

Step 6: Senior Citizen Rebate:

Not applicable as taxable income exceeds Rs. 1,000,000.

Final Tax Liability: Rs. 218,000

Q4. b) Explain in detail the concept of deductions allowed and deductions not allowed in income from business as per the Income Tax Ordinance 2001.

What are Deductions Allowed?

Deductions allowed are expenses that can be subtracted from gross income to calculate taxable income. These include:

1. Ordinary Business Expenses: Expenses incurred exclusively for business purposes, such as salaries, rent, utilities, and office supplies.

2. Depreciation: Deduction for the wear and tear of assets used in the business. Tax depreciation is calculated as per the rates specified in the Ordinance.

3. Initial Allowance: A one-time deduction for newly acquired assets.

4. Scientific Research Expenditure: Costs related to research and development activities.

5. Employee Training and Facilities: Expenses incurred for employee development and welfare.

6. Bad Debts: Deduction for debts that are proven to be irrecoverable.

7. Profit on Debt: Interest paid on loans used for business purposes.

8. Pre-Commencement Expenses: Costs incurred before the business starts operations, provided they are directly related to the business.

What are Deductions Not Allowed?

These are expenses that cannot be subtracted from income for tax purposes, even if recorded in the business accounts:

1. Personal Expenses: Any expenditure for personal use rather than business purposes.

2. Fines and Penalties: Payments for violations of laws or regulations.

3. Entertainment Expenses: Excessive or non-business-related entertainment costs.

4. Contributions to Unapproved Funds: Payments to provident funds, pension funds, or gratuity funds that are not recognized by tax authorities.

5. Cess, Rate, or Tax on Profits: Taxes levied on business profits or gains.

6. Non-Deducted Tax Payments: Expenses where tax was required to be deducted but was not.

7. Payments to Members of an Association: Profit on debt, brokerage, commission, or salary paid to members of an association of persons.

8. Excessive Commission Payments: Commission payments exceeding prescribed limits.

9. Non-Banking Transactions: Payments exceeding Rs. 250,000 made without a crossed banking instrument.

Why Are These Rules Important?

These rules ensure that only legitimate business expenses are deducted, preventing misuse and ensuring fair taxation.

Q5. a) Calculate Sales Tax Due/Refundable in each case:
GEE Ltd a registered manufacturer has reported the following transactions for December for the calculation of sales tax:

(1) Supplies to registered person Rs. 12, 00,000
(2) Supplies to an NGO Rs. 100,000
(3) Supplies to non-registered persons at a discount (5%) Rs.80, 000
(4) Supplies to registered government supplies Rs. 100,000
(5) Purchases from registered persons Rs. 500,000
(6) Imports of raw materials Rs. 40,000
(7) Purchases from non-registered persons on discount (10%) Rs.50, 000
(8) Sales tax refund due.

1. Output Tax (on Sales):

Pakistan’s standard sales tax rate is typically 17% (or adjust if a specific rate applies). Let’s calculate the output tax for each supply:

Supplies to registered person: Rs. 1,200,000 × 17% = Rs. 204,000

Supplies to an NGO (often tax-exempt unless specified otherwise): Rs. 100,000 × 17% = Rs. 17,000

Supplies to non-registered persons at a 5% discount:

Sales after discount: Rs. 80,000 × 95% = Rs. 76,000

Rs. 76,000 × 17% = Rs. 12,920

Supplies to registered government suppliers: Rs. 100,000 × 17% = Rs. 17,000

Total Output Tax = Rs. 204,000 + Rs. 17,000 + Rs. 12,920 + Rs. 17,000 = Rs. 250,920

2. Input Tax (on Purchases and Imports):

Purchases from registered persons: Rs. 500,000 × 17% = Rs. 85,000

Imports of raw materials: Rs. 40,000 × 17% = Rs. 6,800

Purchases from non-registered persons:

Purchases after discount: Rs. 50,000 × 90% = Rs. 45,000

Note: Purchases from non-registered persons are not eligible for input tax under Pakistan’s tax rules.

Total Input Tax = Rs. 85,000 + Rs. 6,800 = Rs. 91,800

3. Sales Tax Due/Refundable:

Sales Tax Due = Output Tax − Input Tax

Rs. 250,920 − Rs. 91,800 = Rs. 159,120 (Sales Tax Payable)

If there’s an additional Sales Tax Refund due as stated, that amount will reduce the payable tax.

Q5. b) Explain in detail the key features of the Customs Act 1969.

What is the Customs Act, 1969? The Customs Act, 1969, is a cornerstone of Pakistan's legal framework for regulating customs duties and trade. Here are its key features:

Scope and Applicability: The Act applies to the entire territory of Pakistan, covering all customs-related activities, including import, export, and transit of goods.

Appointment of Customs Officers: It provides for the appointment of customs officers and defines their powers, duties, and responsibilities, such as inspection, seizure, and confiscation of goods.

Customs Ports and Stations: The Act allows for the declaration of customs ports, airports, and land customs stations, specifying the areas where customs operations are conducted.

Prohibition and Restrictions: It includes provisions to prohibit or restrict the import and export of certain goods, ensuring compliance with national security and public interest.

Customs Duties: The Act outlines the levy, exemption, and repayment of customs duties on goods. It also specifies the rates of duties and taxes under trade agreements.

Valuation of Goods: It provides guidelines for determining the customs value of goods, ensuring transparency and fairness in the valuation process.

Warehousing: The Act includes provisions for licensing public and private warehouses and the storage of goods before clearance.

Audit and Documentation: It mandates the production of documents and information for customs audits, ensuring accountability and compliance.

Penalties and Offenses: The Act prescribes penalties for violations of customs laws, including smuggling and evasion of duties.

Appeals and Dispute Resolution: It establishes mechanisms for appeals and dispute resolution, allowing stakeholders to challenge decisions made by customs authorities.

AIOU 5055 Taxation Management Solved Assignment 2 Spring 2025

AIOU 5055 Assignment 2

Contact for AIOU 5055 Assignment 2 +92 333 2231409

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Aiou Assignment Schedule Spring 2025

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Assignment Submission Schedule
6 Credit Hours Due Date 3 Credit Hours Due Date
Assignment 1 12-06-2025 Assignment 1 08-07-2025
Assignment 2 08-07-2025
Assignment 3 31-07-2025 Assignment 2 20-08-2025
Assignment 4 20-08-2025
مشقیں بھیجنے کا شیڈول
6 کریڈٹ آورز کورس مقررہ تاریخ 3 کریڈٹ آورز کورس مقررہ تاریخ
مشق نمبر 1 12-06-2025 مشق نمبر 1 08-07-2025
مشق نمبر 2 08-07-2025
مشق نمبر 3 31-07-2025 مشق نمبر 2 20-08-2025
مشق نمبر 4 20-08-2025
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