First Year (11 Class) Computer Science Past Paper 2024

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COMPUTER 2024

Max. Marks: 60Time: 3 Hours

SECTION "A" MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) Marks: 12

1. Choose the correct Answer for each from the given question:

1. What device converts a hard copy into a soft copy?

  • Scanner ✓
  • Printer
  • Monitor
  • Speaker

2. In which generation was GUI developed?

  • First Generation
  • Second Generation
  • Fourth Generation ✓
  • Third Generation

3. Which system performs all basic tasks?

  • Compiler
  • Operating System ✓
  • Database Management System
  • Application Software

4. What is the extension of Notepad files?

  • .doc
  • .txt ✓
  • .xls
  • .ppt

5. Which software is used for accounting purposes?

  • MS Word
  • MS Excel ✓
  • MS Paint
  • MS Access

6. What is the topology that connects all computers to a central hub?

  • Ring
  • Bus
  • Mesh
  • Star ✓

7. How many bits are used in an IPv4 address?

  • 16
  • 64
  • 32 ✓
  • 128

8. Which authentication mechanism ensures access by a real person?

  • Password
  • PIN
  • Biometric ✓
  • Token

9. What is the smallest component in a database?

  • Record
  • Table
  • Field ✓
  • Query

10. Which data type occupies the most memory space?

  • Integer
  • Character
  • Double Floating Point ✓
  • Boolean

11. What process converts digital signals to analog?

  • Demodulation
  • Encryption
  • Modulation ✓
  • Transmission

12. Softwares are mostly protected under:

  • Patents
  • Copyrights ✓
  • Trademark
  • Logos

SECTION "B" (Short Answer Question) Marks: 24

NOTE: Attempt any EIGHT Questions from this section. Each questions carry equal marks.

2. Describe the first generation of Computer.

The first generation of computers, which emerged in the 1940s and lasted until the late 1950s, relied on vacuum tubes for their electronic circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. These machines were enormous—often filling entire rooms—consuming significant power and generating a lot of heat, which made them prone to frequent breakdowns.

They were primarily designed for tasks like numerical calculations and used machine language (binary code) for programming, which was both cumbersome and time-intensive. Despite their limitations, these computers marked the dawn of modern computing, with examples including the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) and UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer).

3. Classify computer according to the technology.

Classification of Computers by Technology

  1. Analog Computers: Process continuous data, used for applications like measuring temperature or speed. Example: Speedometers.
  2. Digital Computers: Handle discrete data (binary), used in a wide range of tasks like data processing and calculations. Example: Personal computers and smartphones.
  3. Hybrid Computers: Combine analog and digital technologies for specific purposes. Example: Medical devices like ECG machines.

4. What are buses? Describe their types.

Buses and Their Types

A bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers. It ensures efficient data exchange within the system.

Types of Buses:

  • Data Bus:

    Used to carry data between the processor, memory, and peripherals. Determines how much data can be transferred at a time (e.g., 8-bit, 16-bit).

  • Address Bus:

    Transmits memory addresses from the processor to memory or input/output devices. Helps locate and access data or hardware components.

  • Control Bus:

    Carries control signals from the processor to other components to manage operations. Includes signals for read/write operations, interrupts, and synchronization.

5. Describe the functions of Operating System.

An operating system is crucial for managing hardware and software resources in a computer. Its functions include:

  • Process Management: Coordinates and schedules tasks effectively.
  • Memory Management: Allocates and monitors RAM usage for optimal performance.
  • File Management: Organizes, stores, and retrieves data efficiently.
  • Device Management: Facilitates communication between hardware components and software.
  • User Interface: Provides an environment for users to interact with the system, such as GUIs or command-line interfaces.

6. Describe Artificial Intelligence (Al).

AI is a branch of computer science focused on creating machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks include:

  • Learning
  • Reasoning
  • Problem-solving
  • Understanding natural language

AI techniques include:

  • Machine Learning: Enables systems to learn and improve from experience.
  • Natural Language Processing (NLP): Facilitates understanding and generation of human language.
  • Robotics: Combines AI with engineering for automated physical tasks.

7. Define Microsoft Word.

Microsoft Word is a widely used word processor developed by Microsoft. It is designed to create, edit, and format text documents with features like templates, spell check, and collaboration tools.

8. What is Sorting?

Sorting involves arranging data in a specific sequence, typically in ascending or descending order. It facilitates efficient data retrieval and management. Common sorting algorithms include:

  1. Bubble Sort
  2. Merge Sort
  3. Quick Sort

9. Differentiate between Compiler and Interpreter.

The differences between a compiler and an interpreter are as follows:

  • Translation: A compiler translates the entire code at once into machine language, while an interpreter processes code line by line during execution.
  • Execution Speed: Compilers are faster after compilation, whereas interpreters are slower due to real-time translation.
  • Error Handling: Compilers display all errors together post-compilation, while interpreters detect errors one by one during execution.

10. Describe properties of a good communication system.

A good communication system has the following key properties:

  • Speed: Fast data transmission and low latency.
  • Reliability: Ensures accurate message delivery without errors.
  • Security: Protects data from unauthorized access or tampering.
  • Compatibility: Works seamlessly with various technologies and devices.
  • Scalability: Adapts to future growth or increased demand.

11. What is computer security?

Computer security refers to the protection of computer systems and data from unauthorized access, theft, or damage. Key components include:

  • Encryption: Secures data during transmission.
  • Firewalls: Prevent unauthorized access.
  • Antivirus Software: Detect and remove malware.

12. Define RAM and ROM.

  • RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile memory used for temporary storage during active processes. When the power is turned off, the data is lost.
  • ROM (Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile memory that stores permanent instructions and essential data, even when the computer is powered off.

13. What are Antivirus? Write few popular name, of it.

Antivirus software detects, prevents, and eliminates malicious programs or threats. Popular antivirus software includes:

  • Norton
  • McAfee
  • Avast
  • Kaspersky

Section C (Detailed -Answer Question) Marks: 24

NOTE: Attempt any FOUR questions from this section. Each question carries (Six) 6 marks.

14. Define Control Unit and Arithmetic logic Unit (ALU).

Control Unit (CU)

The Control Unit is a critical part of a computer's Central Processing Unit (CPU). Its primary role is to manage and coordinate the operations of the computer by directing the flow of data between the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. The CU does not perform actual data processing but serves as the manager, ensuring that all components of the computer work in harmony.

Functions of the Control Unit:

  • Instruction Fetching and Decoding: Retrieves instructions from memory, decodes them, and ensures the CPU executes them correctly.
  • Control Signal Generation: Sends control signals to various parts of the system to execute operations.
  • Data Flow Coordination: Regulates the movement of data between the CPU, memory, and peripherals.
  • Task Sequencing: Ensures operations are performed in the correct sequence as per the program instructions.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The Arithmetic Logic Unit is the part of the CPU responsible for performing all arithmetic and logical operations. It handles the actual data processing tasks and forms the computational core of the computer.

Functions of the Arithmetic Logic Unit:

  • Arithmetic Operations: Performs calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
  • Logical Operations: Executes comparisons and logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR.
  • Bitwise Operations: Handles operations on bits, such as shifting and masking.
  • Temporary Data Storage: Works with registers to temporarily store data during calculations.

15. Define software and its types.

1. What is Software?

Software refers to a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. Unlike hardware, which is the physical component of a computer, software is intangible. It serves as the interface between the user and the computer's hardware, enabling the device to function and perform various operations. Software can range from a simple calculator application to complex operating systems.

2. Types of Software

Here are the main types of software:

1. System Software

This type of software acts as a foundation, managing and supporting the computer hardware and other software applications. It enables the functioning of a computer and provides a platform for application software to run.

  • Examples: Operating Systems (Windows, macOS, Linux), Utility Programs (antivirus software, disk cleanup tools).
  • Key Features:
    • Directly interacts with hardware.
    • Manages system resources like memory and processors.
    • Facilitates communication between hardware and application software.

2. Application Software

Application software is designed to help users perform specific tasks or activities. Unlike system software, these are user-focused and provide tools to complete particular functions.

  • Examples: Microsoft Word (word processing), Google Chrome (web browsing), Adobe Photoshop (image editing).
  • Key Features:
    • User-friendly interfaces.
    • Tailored to specific needs (e.g., productivity, design, communication).
    • Can be custom-built for businesses or used off-the-shelf.

3. Programming Software

This type of software provides tools that programmers use to write, test, debug, and maintain code for other software. It's essential for software development.

  • Examples: IDEs (Integrated Development Environments) like Visual Studio, compilers, and debuggers.
  • Key Features:
    • Supports coding in various programming languages.
    • Offers debugging tools to identify and fix errors.
    • May include libraries or frameworks.

4. Middleware

Middleware acts as a bridge between different software applications or between software and hardware. It ensures that various systems can communicate and work together seamlessly.

  • Examples: Database middleware, messaging middleware (e.g., RabbitMQ).
  • Key Features:
    • Facilitates interoperability between applications.
    • Often used in distributed systems or complex architectures.

5. Driver Software

Drivers are specialized software programs designed to enable hardware devices to communicate with the computer’s operating system. Without drivers, hardware components like printers or keyboards wouldn't function properly.

  • Examples: Printer drivers, GPU drivers.
  • Key Features:
    • Hardware-specific.
    • Acts as a translator between the operating system and the hardware.

6. Web-Based Software

This type of software is accessed through a web browser and operates on remote servers, often referred to as cloud-based software. It doesn't require installation on the user's device.

  • Examples: Google Docs, Dropbox, Salesforce.
  • Key Features:
    • Accessible from anywhere with an internet connection.
    • Reduces storage requirements on local devices.
    • Easy to update and maintain.

16. Describe topology and its types.

Topology:

Topology is a branch of mathematics that studies properties of space that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling, but not tearing or cutting. It is sometimes referred to as "rubber-sheet geometry" because it deals with flexible shapes rather than rigid measurements like in geometry.

Types of Topology:

  1. General Topology:

    Also known as point-set topology, this is the foundational part of topology.

    It deals with concepts like open and closed sets, compactness, connectedness, continuity, convergence, and metric spaces.

    • Open and Closed Sets: Open sets are those that do not contain their boundary points, while closed sets include them.
    • Continuity: Functions between spaces that preserve the "closeness" of points.
    • Compactness: A set is compact if it's bounded and every sequence has a convergent subsequence.
    • Connectedness: Study of spaces that cannot be divided into two disjoint open sets.
  2. Algebraic Topology:

    This deals with studying topological spaces with the help of algebraic tools. It focuses on properties that remain invariant under homeomorphisms (continuous deformations).

    • Homology and Cohomology: Measures different dimensions of "holes" in a space.
    • Fundamental Group: Represents paths in a space and helps classify spaces based on loops.
    • Manifolds: Spaces that locally resemble Euclidean space, widely used in physics and engineering.

Additional Types or Applications:

Beyond the main areas, topology branches into specialized fields like:

  • Differential Topology: Focuses on smoothness and differentiable structures.
  • Geometric Topology: Studies surfaces, knots, and higher-dimensional manifolds.
  • Topological Data Analysis (TDA): An application of algebraic topology in data science to analyze shapes and features of data.
  • Set-Theoretic Topology: A subfield blending set theory and topology.

Topology has applications in a variety of fields, including physics, computer science, biology, and economics, providing insights into the structure of complex systems.

17. Define the following Networks:

1. Define LAN (Local Area Network)

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a type of network that connects computers and devices within a small geographical area, such as a home, office, or school. It enables users to share resources like printers, files, and applications, and facilitates communication between connected devices.

  • Key Features:
    • Covers a limited area, typically a few hundred meters.
    • Offers high data transfer speeds.
    • Generally uses wired (Ethernet cables) or wireless connections (Wi-Fi).
    • Cost-effective setup and maintenance.
  • Examples of Use:
    • Office networks connecting employee desktops and printers.
    • Home networks linking laptops, smart TVs, and smartphones.
  • Advantages:
    • Easy to manage due to its small size.
    • Provides high-speed communication.
    • Relatively inexpensive.
  • Limitations:
    • Restricted to a limited physical area.
    • Requires infrastructure like routers and switches.

2. Define MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) spans a larger geographical area than a LAN, typically covering a city or metropolitan region. It is used to connect multiple LANs and other networks within a city.

  • Key Features:
    • Covers a city or metropolitan area, ranging from several kilometers to tens of kilometers.
    • Typically uses high-speed fiber-optic connections.
    • Supports data sharing, internet connectivity, and voice communication among several LANs.
  • Examples of Use:
    • Networking various campuses of a university within a city.
    • Linking branches of a bank across a metropolitan region.
  • Advantages:
    • Covers larger areas compared to LAN.
    • Offers high-speed data transfer over long distances.
  • Limitations:
    • Expensive due to extensive infrastructure requirements.
    • More complex to manage than a LAN.

3. Define WAN (Wide Area Network)

A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a type of network that connects devices across vast geographical areas, such as different cities, countries, or continents. It is the largest type of network and can connect smaller networks like LANs and MANs.

  • Key Features:
    • Covers large distances, often spanning continents.
    • Utilizes diverse technologies, including satellite links, fiber-optic cables, and cellular networks.
    • Often managed by Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
  • Examples of Use:
    • The internet, which connects millions of networks globally.
    • Corporate networks linking offices worldwide.
  • Advantages:
    • Provides global connectivity.
    • Facilitates communication across long distances.
  • Limitations:
    • High setup and maintenance costs.
    • Slower data transfer compared to LAN and MAN.

18. Write the functions of the following network devices.

(i) Router

A router is a network device that connects multiple networks together, such as a local network and the internet. Its primary functions include:

  • Data Packet Routing: Routers determine the best path for data packets to travel from the source to the destination. They use routing tables and algorithms to make decisions, ensuring efficient packet delivery.
  • Network Address Translation (NAT): Allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address when accessing the internet. NAT enhances security by hiding internal IP addresses from external networks.
  • Connectivity Between Networks: Routers connect different networks, such as local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). They act as a gateway for devices in a local network to communicate with external networks.
  • Firewall and Security Features: Many routers include built-in firewalls that filter incoming and outgoing traffic to protect the network from unauthorized access or cyberattacks.
  • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): Routers can assign IP addresses dynamically to devices on the network, simplifying the management of network settings.

(ii) Switch

A switch is a network device that connects multiple devices within the same network, allowing them to communicate efficiently. Its primary functions include:

  • Data Forwarding Based on MAC Addresses: Switches use Media Access Control (MAC) addresses to forward data packets to the correct device within the network. This reduces unnecessary traffic and enhances network performance.
  • Local Area Network (LAN) Creation: Switches are used to create and expand LANs, connecting computers, printers, and other devices within the same network. They enable seamless communication between connected devices.
  • Full-Duplex Communication: Modern switches support full-duplex communication, allowing data to be sent and received simultaneously. This significantly improves data transmission speeds.
  • Traffic Management: Switches optimize network traffic by preventing data collisions and ensuring efficient use of bandwidth. They achieve this through intelligent packet switching and buffering.
  • VLAN Support: Switches can be configured to support Virtual LANs (VLANs), enabling network segmentation to improve security and manageability.

19. Differentiate between Data Rate and Baud Rate.

The data rate, also known as the bit rate, refers to the amount of data transmitted per second. It is measured in bits per second (bps). This metric represents the total number of bits (both data and control bits) that are transmitted over a channel in one second.

  • Definition: The total number of bits transmitted per second over a communication channel.
  • Unit: Measured in bits per second (bps), kilobits per second (kbps), megabits per second (Mbps), etc.
  • Significance:
    • Determines the speed of data transmission in a network.
    • Includes all bits (data bits and redundant bits like parity).
  • Example:
    • If a network has a data rate of 100 Mbps, it means 100 million bits of data are transmitted per second.
  • Calculation:
    • Data Rate (bps) = Baud Rate (symbols per second) × Number of bits per symbol.

2. What is Baud Rate?

The baud rate, also referred to as the symbol rate, is the number of signal units (or symbols) transmitted per second in a communication channel. Each signal unit can represent one or more bits of data, depending on the modulation technique used.

  • Definition: The number of signal changes (or symbols) per second in a transmission.
  • Unit: Measured in bauds (symbols per second).
  • Significance:
    • Indicates how many times the signal changes in one second.
    • Not necessarily equal to the data rate; depends on how many bits each symbol carries.
  • Example:
    • In binary signaling (e.g., one symbol = one bit), a baud rate of 1,000 bauds equates to a data rate of 1,000 bps. However, if each symbol carries 2 bits (using advanced modulation), the data rate is 2,000 bps with the same baud rate.
  • Calculation:
    • Baud Rate (symbols per second) = Data Rate (bps) / Number of bits per symbol.

3. Key Differences

The following table highlights the differences between Data Rate and Baud Rate:

Aspect Data Rate Baud Rate
Definition Number of bits transmitted per second. Number of signal units transmitted per second.
Unit of Measurement Bits per second (bps). Bauds (symbols per second).
Relation May be higher if multiple bits are sent per signal unit. May be lower if each signal unit carries multiple bits.
Focus Represents overall data transmission speed. Represents frequency of signal changes.
Example 1,000 bps. 500 bauds with 2 bits per symbol.

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